NANOSTRUCTURED FIBROUS CARBON MATERIAL AND ECOLOGY.
PART 1. USING THE MATERIAL FOR ENVIROPMENT PROTECTION

Abstract

The objective: generalization of knowledge about environmental issues and the search for effective and harmless nanomaterials and nanotechnologies to solve environmental problems. Мaterials. Characteristics of activated nanostructured fibrous carbon material (AUVM "Dniepr)MN") designed at Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine on the basis of rayon fiber are presented. Presence of nanostructures in the form of graphite nanopackages, nanobulbs, nanofibers, and nanotubes in it has been shown. Methods for investigation. Activated and modified fibrous carbon materials in the form of different textile structures such as knit and soot were used as samples to be studied. Porous structure of the samples was estimated via absorption of benzene vapors. The specific surface area was determined using the BET method. The concentra) tion of phenol was measured by the colorimetric method. Sorption of metals was conducted in a static mode. The metal concentration was determined using an atom)adsorption spectrometer AAS3 and standard techniques for control of drinking water quality. The content of active chlorine was established by an iodine)metrical analysis. A special technique was used for estimation of the adsorption capacity of adsorbents towards iodine and methyl iodine vapors. Results. The peculiarities of AUVM structure formati) on have been studied depending on the conditions of fabrication, activation and modification of carbon fibers. The porous structure of AUVM as a sorbent and its sorption characteristics as well as the kinetics of adsorption of harmful substances namely phenol, heavy and toxic metals, chlorine and its compounds in the course of water purification were investigated depending on their concentration in solutions. The universal sorption activity of AUVM towards a number of environment pollutants has been de) monstrated, which evidences to its possible succes) sful application both under extraordinary conditions and in everyday life. The developed AUVM was shown to have significant advantages over traditionally used in industry activated carbon of the trades SKT, "Buos) ofit" and BAU. The possibility of using AUVM at nucle) ar plants as a filter filler in air purification systems and special systems for air purification from vapors of iodine and iodine methyl was demonstrated.